Glossary of Scientific Terms
ADME Testing - includes the following:
- Absorption/administration - how a compound is introduced to the body.
- Distribution - how a compound needs to be carried to its effector site, most often via the bloodstream.
- Metabolism - compounds begin to break down as soon as they enter the body.
- Excretion - compounds and their metabolites need to be removed from the body via excretion, usually through the kidneys.
Allometry - Relative growth of a part in relation to an entire organism or to a standard: also: the measure and study of such growth. - Merriam-Webster
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - a herpesvirus (species Human herpesvirus 5 of the genus Cytomegalovirus) that in healthy individuals casus an infection that is asymptomatic, or is accompanied by mld symptoms (as fever or fatigue) but in immunocompromised individuals and newborns may cause an infection marked by serious, sometimes life-threatening symptoms (as pneunomia, hepatitis, retinitis, brain inflammation, or seizures) - Merriam-Webster
Cytotoxic - Toxic to cells. - Merriam-Webster
Drug resistance - The reduction in effectiveness of a medication, such as an antimicrobial or an antineoplastic in curing a disease or condition. -Wikipedia
Dysregulation - Impairment of a physiological regulatory mechanism (as that governing metabolism, immune response, or organ function). - Merriam-Webster
Genotype - All or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or group. - Merriam-Webster
Lytic proteins - Viruses encode these proteins to cause lysis, which allows virus particles to spread between cells for the viral replication process to begin again. - Quora
Herpesviruses - A large family of DNA viruses that cause diseases in animals, including humans. At least five species are extremely widespread in humans: HSV-1 and HSV-2 cause orolabial herpes and genetial herpes; varicella zoster virus causes chickenpox and shingles; Ebstein-Barr virus is implicated in several diseases, including mononucleosis and some cancers; and cytomegalorvirus. More than 90% of adults have been invected with at least one of these, and a latent form of the virus remains in most people. - Wickipedia
Immunocompetence - The ability of the body to produce a normal immune response following exposure to an antigen. Immunocompetence is the opposite of immunodeficiency or immuno-incompetent or immuno-compromised. - Wikipedia
Immunocompromised - Having the immune system impaired or weakened (as by drugs or illness). - Merriam-Webster (Note: Infants are immunocompromised by virtue of their immune systems being undeveloped.)
Nephrotoxic - Poisonous to the kidney. - Merriam-Webster
Nucleoside - Any of several compounds that consist of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar joined to a purine or pyrimidine base and to a phosphate group and that are the basic structural units of nucleic acids such as RNA and DNA. - Merriam-Webster
Nucleotidyltransferase - any of several enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a nucleotide residue from one compound to another. - Merriam Webster
Pharmacodynamics PD - A branch of pharmacology dealing with the reactioins between drugs and living systems. - Merriam-Webster (What a drug does to a body)
Pharmacokinetics PK - 1. the study of the bodily absorption, distribution, and excretion of drugs; 2 the characteristic interactions of a drug and the body in terms of absorption,distribution, metabolism, and excretion. - Merriam Webster (What a body does to a drug)
Phenotype - The observable properties of an organism that are proeuced by the interaction of the genotype and the environment. - Merriam Webster
Polymerase - Any of several enzymes that catalyze the formation of DNA or RNA from precursor substances in the presence of preexisting DNA or RNA acting as a template. DNA polymerase - any of several polymerases that promote replication or repair of DNA usually using single-stranded DNA as a template. - Merriam Webster
Toxicology - A science that deals with poisons and their effect and with the problems involved (such as clinical, industrial, or legal problems) - Merriam-Webster
Tropism - Involuntary orientation by an organism or one of its parts that involves turning or curving by movement or by differential growth and is a positive or negative response to a source of stimulation. - Merriam-Webster